Screening
Anal cancer screening is important for the early detection and treatment of the disease. Unlike other types of cancer, there is no standard screening test for anal cancer, but there are ways to detect the disease early.
Who should be screened for anal cancer?
- Men who have sex with men (MSM):MSM is at an increased risk for anal cancer, particularly those who are HIV-positive.
- Women with a history of cervical, vaginal, or vulvar cancer: These women have an increased risk of developing anal cancer.
- Individuals with a history of anal cancer: Individuals who have been treated for anal cancer are at a higher risk of developing new cancer in the same area or nearby.
- Individuals with a weakened immune system: This includes those who are HIV-positive, have had an organ transplant, or are taking medications that suppress the immune system.
Screening Options
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
A DRE is a simple physical exam where a healthcare provider inserts a gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any abnormalities, such as lumps or masses.
Anal Pap Smear
This test is similar to the Pap smear used to detect cervical cancer. A healthcare provider collects cells from the anal canal to be analyzed for abnormalities.
High-Resolution Anoscopy (HRA)
An HRA is a more invasive test that uses a special camera to view the inside of the anus and anal canal. During the procedure, any abnormal areas can be biopsied for further analysis.
It’s important to note that these screening tests are not fool proof and may not detect all cases of anal cancer. However, they can help identify early changes in the cells of the anus, allowing for earlier detection and treatment.
Routine screening for anal cancer is not recommended for the general population. However, certain individuals may be at a higher risk for developing anal cancer and should discuss screening options with their healthcare provider. These include: